如何在 RHEL 中使用订阅管理器启用软件仓库
发布时间: 2018-06-13
了解如何在 RHEL 中使用订阅管理器来启用软件仓库。 这篇文章还包括了将系统注册到 Red Hat 的步骤、添加订阅和发生错误时的解决方案。
在本文中,我们将逐步介绍如何在刚安装的 RHEL 服务器中启用 Red Hat 软件仓库。
可以利用 subscription-manager 命令启用软件仓库,如下所示:
- root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager repos --enable rhel-6-server-rhv-4-agent-beta-debug-rpms
- Error: 'rhel-6-server-rhv-4-agent-beta-debug-rpms' does not match a valid repository ID. Use "subscription-manager repos --list" to see valid repositories.
当您的订阅没有配置好时,您会看到上述错误。让我们一步一步地通过 subscription-manager 来启用软件仓库。
这里假设您已经安装了新系统并且尚未在 Red Hat 上注册。如果您已经注册了该系统,那么您可以忽略此步骤。
您可以使用下面的命令来检查您的系统是否已在 Red Hat 注册了该订阅:
- # subscription-manager version
- server type: This system is currently not registered.
- subscription management server: Unknown
- subscription management rules: Unknown
- subscription-manager: 1.18.10-1.el6
- python-rhsm: 1.18.6-1.el6
在这里输出的第一行中,您可以看到该系统未注册。那么,让我们开始注册系统。您需要在 subscription-manager 命令中使用 register 选项。在这一步需要使用您的 Red Hat 帐户凭证。
- root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager register
- Registering to: subscription.rhsm.redhat.com:443/subscription
- Username: admin@kerneltalks.com
- Password:
- Network error, unable to connect to server. Please see /var/log/rhsm/rhsm.log for more information.
如果您遇到上述错误,那么表明您的服务器无法连接到 RedHat。检查您的网络连接,或者您能解决网站名称解析的问题。有时候,即使你能够 ping 通订阅服务器,你也会看到这个错误。这可能是因为您的环境中有代理服务器。在这种情况下,您需要将其详细信息添加到文件 /etc/rhsm/rhsm.conf 中。以下详细的代理信息应根据你的环境填充:
- # an http proxy server to use
- proxy_hostname =
- # port for http proxy server
- proxy_port =
- # user name for authenticating to an http proxy, if needed
- proxy_user =
- # password for basic http proxy auth, if needed
- proxy_password =
一旦你完成了这些,通过使用下面的命令重新检查 subscription-manager 是否获得了新的代理信息:
- root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager config
- [server]
- hostname = [subscription.rhsm.redhat.com]
- insecure = [0]
- port = [443]
- prefix = [/subscription]
- proxy_hostname = [kerneltalksproxy.abc.com]
- proxy_password = [asdf]
- proxy_port = [3456]
- proxy_user = [user2]
- server_timeout = [180]
- ssl_verify_depth = [3]
- [rhsm]
- baseurl = [https://cdn.redhat.com]
- ca_cert_dir = [/etc/rhsm/ca/]
- consumercertdir = [/etc/pki/consumer]
- entitlementcertdir = [/etc/pki/entitlement]
- full_refresh_on_yum = [0]
- manage_repos = [1]
- pluginconfdir = [/etc/rhsm/pluginconf.d]
- plugindir = [/usr/share/rhsm-plugins]
- productcertdir = [/etc/pki/product]
- repo_ca_cert = /etc/rhsm/ca/redhat-uep.pem
- report_package_profile = [1]
- [rhsmcertd]
- autoattachinterval = [1440]
- certcheckinterval = [240]
- [logging]
- default_log_level = [INFO]
- [] - Default value in use
现在,请尝试重新注册您的系统。
- root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager register
- Registering to: subscription.rhsm.redhat.com:443/subscription
- Username: admin@kerneltalks.com
- Password:
- You must first accept Red Hat's Terms and conditions. Please visit https://www.redhat.com/wapps/tnc/termsack?event[]=signIn . You may have to log out of and back into the Customer Portal in order to see the terms.
如果您是第一次将服务器添加到 Red Hat 帐户,您将看到上述错误。转到该 URL并接受条款。回到终端,然后再试一次。
- oot@kerneltalks # subscription-manager register
- Registering to: subscription.rhsm.redhat.com:443/subscription
- Username: admin@kerneltalks.com
- Password:
- The system has been registered with ID: xxxxb2-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xx8e199xxx
Bingo!系统现在已在 Red Hat 上注册。你可以再次用 version 选项来验证它。
- #subscription-managerversionservertype:RedHatSubscriptionManagementsubscriptionmanagementserver:2.0.43-1subscriptionmanagementrules:5.26subscription-manager:1.18.10-1.el6python-rhsm:1.18.6-1.el6" decode="true" ]root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager version
- server type: Red Hat Subscription Management
- subscription management server: 2.0.43-1
- subscription management rules: 5.26
- subscription-manager: 1.18.10-1.el6
- python-rhsm: 1.18.6-1.el6
首先尝试列出软件仓库。您将无法列出任何内容,因为我们尚未在我们的服务器中添加任何订阅。
- root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager repos --list
- This system has no repositories available through subscriptions.
正如您所看到 subscription-manager 找不到任何软件仓库,您需要将订阅添加到您的服务器上。一旦订阅被添加,subscription-manager 将能够列出下列的软件仓库。
要添加订阅,请先使用以下命令检查服务器的所有可用订阅:
- root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager list --available
- +-------------------------------------------+
- Available Subscriptions
- +-------------------------------------------+
- Subscription Name: Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Virtual Datacenters, Standard
- Provides: Red Hat Beta
- Red Hat Software Collections (for RHEL Server)
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Atomic Host Beta
- Oracle Java (for RHEL Server)
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server
- dotNET on RHEL (for RHEL Server)
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux Atomic Host
- Red Hat Software Collections Beta (for RHEL Server)
- Red Hat Developer Tools Beta (for RHEL Server)
- Red Hat Developer Toolset (for RHEL Server)
- Red Hat Developer Tools (for RHEL Server)
- SKU: RH00050
- Contract: xxxxxxxx
- Pool ID: 8a85f98c6011059f0160110a2ae6000f
- Provides Management: Yes
- Available: Unlimited
- Suggested: 0
- Service Level: Standard
- Service Type: L1-L3
- Subscription Type: Stackable (Temporary)
- Ends: 12/01/2018
- System Type: Virtual
您将获得可用于您的服务器的此类订阅的软件仓库列表。您需要阅读它提供的内容并记下对您有用或需要的订阅的 Pool ID。
现在,使用 pool ID 将订阅添加到您的服务器。
- # subscription-manager attach --pool=8a85f98c6011059f0160110a2ae6000f
- Successfully attached a subscription for: Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Virtual Datacenters, Standard
如果您不确定选择哪一个,则可以使用下面的命令自动地添加最适合您的服务器的订阅:
- root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager attach --auto
- Installed Product Current Status:
- Product Name: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server
- Status: Subscribed
接下来是最后一步启用软件仓库。
现在您将能够启用软件仓库,该软件仓库在您的附加订阅下可用。
- root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager repos --enable rhel-6-server-rhv-4-agent-beta-debug-rpms
- Repository 'rhel-6-server-rhv-4-agent-beta-debug-rpms' is enabled for this system.
到这里,您已经完成了。您可以用 yum 命令列出软件仓库并确认。
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